Saturday, September 3, 2022

News update 04/09/2022 12

Even before becoming a legislator, Solon took an active part in the political life of Athens. His hometown waged a long war with the neighboring city of Megara for possession of the island of Sala-min, lying off the coast of Attica. After another defeat, the Athenian popular assembly forbade under pain of death to raise the issue of resuming the war. Many citizens, dissatisfied with the ban, did not dare to openly oppose it. Then Solon, in order to raise the morale of the Athenians, ran out, pretending to be crazy, into the square and sang verses in which he called for the capture of Solomin. The poems made such a strong impression on the citizens of Athens that they immediately decided to start a war with the Megarians and appointed Solon as commander. The island was reconquered, and Solon gained considerable political authority. There is nothing strange in the fact that the performance of a madman was taken seriously by his compatriots: madness, the ancients believed, was from the gods. And in this case, the gods through Solon expressed their will. 

https://www.bing.com/search?q=https%3A%2F%2Fall-andorra.com%2Fcastile-la-mancha%2F&form=QBLH&sp=-1&pq=&sc=0-0&qs=n&sk=&cvid=044DCA55A1D74D608B870EC1A2813159
https://tout-sur-andorre.blogspot.com/2022/06/news-update-15062022-2.html
https://500px.com/andrewfilin20
https://500px.com/photo/1018786373/P1290028-by-Andrew-Filin/
https://500px.com/photo/1018786370/P1290023-by-Andrew-Filin/
https://500px.com/photo/1018786371/P1290027-by-Andrew-Filin/
https://500px.com/photo/1018786372/P1290024-by-Andrew-Filin/
https://500px.com/photo/1018786374/P1290025-by-Andrew-Filin/
https://500px.com/photo/1018786375/P1280655-by-Andrew-Filin/
https://500px.com/photo/1018786379/P1280657-by-Andrew-Filin/
https://500px.com/photo/1018786382/P1280664-by-Andrew-Filin/
https://500px.com/photo/1018786384/P1290026-by-Andrew-Filin/
https://500px.com/photo/1018786386/P1340289-by-Andrew-Filin/
https://500px.com/photo/1018786388/P1340290-by-Andrew-Filin/
https://500px.com/photo/1018786389/P1340294-by-Andrew-Filin/
https://500px.com/photo/1018786390/P1340295-by-Andrew-Filin/
https://500px.com/photo/1018786392/P1280603-by-Andrew-Filin/
https://500px.com/photo/1018786393/P1280656-by-Andrew-Filin/
https://500px.com/photo/1018786396/P1280658-by-Andrew-Filin/
https://500px.com/photo/1018786399/P1280659-by-Andrew-Filin/
https://500px.com/photo/1018786402/P1280660-by-Andrew-Filin/
https://500px.com/photo/1018786403/P1280661-by-Andrew-Filin/
https://500px.com/photo/1018786404/P1280662-by-Andrew-Filin/
































Solon's actions characterize him as a rational person. Constantly referring to the authority of the gods, in worldly affairs he preferred to be guided by common sense. Proving the original belonging of Salamis to Athens, Solon was not afraid to open several graves on the island and show the Megarians that the dead were buried according to the custom of the Athenians. Moreover, he went on a frank forgery: using the authority in Greece of Homer's poems, he inserted into one of them a line proving Salamis's long-standing connection with Athens. Such tricks were not considered a vice at that time - on the contrary, they created a reputation for a person as a smart and subtle politician. Solon began to be invited to mediate in disputes between noble Athenian families. Respect and fame throughout Greece brought him a speech in defense of the Delphic temple of the god Apollo, whose land was seized by the inhabitants of the city of Kirra.

After the end of the struggle between the patricians and the plebeians (287 BC), a polis type of state was finally formed in Rome, the same as in Greece. Every citizen of the Roman community had the right to a land plot and a share in military booty. All citizens were equally responsible before the law, and it was impossible to turn a citizen into slavery for debts. The National Assembly was the highest electoral and legislative body. But ordinary people practically could not occupy the highest position in the state and gain access to the senate. The political system of Rome had a pronounced aristocratic character. All power was in the hands of the nobility (nobility), which carefully guarded the magistracies and the senate from the penetration of people of humble origin.
Rome itself was the highest value for a Roman citizen, so everyone had to take care of the welfare of the entire community first and foremost, and his own last. However, constant wars demanded not only the unity of all citizens, but also the courage of each individual. Therefore, in Roman culture, as in no other culture of the Ancient World, respect and interest in the individual were manifested. In the houses of noble families, images of ancestors who became famous in military campaigns or contributed to the prosperity of the community were kept.
But the defeat did not stop the Romans. Gathering their strength, taking into account their mistakes, they again rushed to the offensive. The war gave great booty and, most importantly, land, which the peasants always lacked. The benefits of the conquests were felt by all members of the community, and this united them. By the 60s. 3rd century BC. almost all of Italy was conquered by the Romans. The conquered cities and communities were declared allies of Rome and, while retaining the rights of internal self-government, were supposed to supply auxiliary military detachments to the Roman army. Some of the most privileged communities received the rights of municipalities - their inhabitants, having moved to Rome, had the rights of Roman citizenship.


The transformation of Rome from a small, unknown peasant community into the ruler of all of Italy not only amazed his contemporaries, but also made the Romans themselves think about the reasons for their victories. The Romans explained them by the ideal political structure of their state and the superiority of their customs and customs over the customs of other peoples. They were sure that their city was specially created by the gods in order to conquer other peoples and establish their own order throughout the world. The Romans considered courage, endurance, diligence, adamant honesty and justice to be the highest virtues.

 An example of these virtues was such a hero as Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus, appointed during a difficult war with the Italic tribes of the Equi and Sabines in 458 BC. dictator. The Roman historian Titus of Livy tells that when the envoys of the Senate came to Cincinnatus, he was working on his small piece of land. Wiping off the dust and sweat and putting on a toga, he listened to the ambassadors and immediately set off for Rome. Having defeated the enemies and laid down his dictatorial powers, Cincinnatus again returned to his field (see Art. "Dictatorship").

at